Vint Cerf's visit to Virginia Tech
I haven’t written anything specific to the blog in about a month. That doesn’t mean nothing interesting happened - far from it.
One of the interesting things was a speech by Vinton Cerf at Virginia Tech. Apart from being an entertaining speaker, you may also know him as one of the inventors of TCP/IP (together with Bob Khan). He touched on a large variety of subjects, some of which I’d like to highlight here:
There are 4 billion mobile phones, and 1 million PCs
Of all these devices, about 25% are internet connected. And the mobile phone market is still growing. Basically, if you don’t take mobile phones into account when developing software, you’re missing out on a large portion of the internet connected public.
Growing Internet penetration will radically change the landscape
Internet penetration is the percentage of a country’s population that can use the internet. The current top users of the internet are:
| Country | Internet Users | Penetration | Users at 90% penetration |
|---|---|---|---|
| China | 338.0 | 26.9% | 1,130.9 |
| United States | 248.2 | 74.1% | 301.5 |
| Japan | 94.0 | 75.5% | 112.1 |
| India | 81.0 | 7.0% | 1,041.4 |
| Germany | 54.2 | 65.9% | 74.0 |
| Brazil | 50.0 | 34.0% | 132.4 |
| United Kingdom | 46.7 | 76.4% | 55.0 |
| Russia | 45.3 | 32.3% | 126.2 |
| France | 43.1 | 69.3% | 56.0 |
| South Korea | 37.5 | 77.3% | 43.7 |
(All user totals are in millions. Data as of Q2 2009. Source: Internet World Stats)
So, currently China has the most users, followed closely by the US. If we’d get a 90% penetration rate in every country (and combine that with mobile phones - not all users have to use PCs!), we get a completely different picture: 1.1 billion Chinese, 1 billion Indians, followed by about 300 million Americans…
Even if you include all of Western Europe, you won’t get half of the users that China has by itself. It would be wise to account for non-Western alphabets in any new products.
IPv4 will run out of address space
IPv4 will run out of available addresses somewhere in 2011, by the latest estimates. So it would be wise to adopt IPv6 in any new deployments.
Inter-cloud communication is the new frontier
Computing is moving more and more towards the “Cloud”. However, we currently have several different clouds: Amazon, Google, IBM, etc. None of the clouds are interchangeable, and can’t communicate with each other.
The next big step in computing would be to develop a method to let information from one cloud move to another, to reach its destination. Vinton Cerf likened the current situation to the computer networks before the invention of TCP/IP and the Internet: several different islands, that required conversion stations or gateways to communicate.
Various info
- Mr. Cerf has wired his house with numerous sensors, measuring light, temperature, etc. He can use this data to optimize energy usage - turn heating off in certain areas before they reach their target temperature, etc.
- He raised the question of persistence of information. Currently we’re able to examine papyrus scrolls thousands of years old. However, it has become very difficult to read electronic data more than 20-30 years old. Humanity needs to find a way to preserve data in a format that is readable longer than half a generation.
- His latest work concerns an Interplanetary Internet. This addresses the enormous lag times involved in communications between the planets. As to why we would need this, he describes how the Mars Rovers were sending data to Earth initially: through a slow, overheating long-range radio. By switching to a shorter range radio the Rovers were able to increase throughput, however, they couldn’t communicate with Earth directly. The solution was to use the Mars Orbiters as relays, using a store-and-forward model. This resulted in a new Bundle Protocol, described in RFC 5050.